Monday, 16 May 2016

The Autonomous Republic on the Ukrainian peninsula Crimea

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Map of Crimea. Map of Crimea. Photo edited by Borys Frenkel.

The Crimean Tartars homeland is rich in history and nature and at the same time tragic events that affected the indigenous people of Crimea.

The Crimea region was transferred to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic on April 26, 1954. Some scholars believe that the transfer of Crimea was a necessary measure due to the difficult economic situation on the peninsula. It was the result of post-war devastation and labor shortages, after the Crimean tatars were deported. Russian people who arrived from many regions simply did not have the necessary knowledge and skills to develop economic activities in the peninsulas steppe zone. Others believe that Nikita Khrushchev by means of a transfer of Crimea tried to change the ethnic composition of the Ukrainian SSR in the direction of increasing the proportion of the Russian-speaking population.

June 19, 1991 the result of a referendum in the Crimea region was, that it was transformed into the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). In 1992 the autonomy was named Republic of Crimea, and in 1994 it was renamed The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (ARK) in Ukraine.

Crimea – a subject of controversy

In spite of the signed agreement on the state border between Russia and Ukraine, the largest part of Crimea is today a subject of territorial disputes between the two countries. Only the northern part of Arabat Spit, which administratively belongs to Kherson region in Ukraine, are not a subject to controversy.

During the political events from February to March 2014 Crimea's Verkhovna Rada unilaterally proclaimed the peninsula's independence and based on results of the unrecognized referendum in Crimea de facto annexation of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol happened by the Russian Federation.

Ukraine does not recognize the legitimacy of that Crimea has been put under Russia and consider it as a fact that Russia has annexed the territory of Crimea and Sevastopol. March 27, 2014 UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on support for Ukraine's territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders.

ARK authorities. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea's form of government was established by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Constitution of The Autonomous Republic of Crimea, adopted on 21 October 1998 and came into force on 11 January 1999.

The representative organ is the Verkhovna Rada of The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (VR ARK). March 15, 2014, in connection with the Russian seizure of the peninsula, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine prematurely stopped ARK VR's powers.

In the Crimean capital Simferopol worked a representation of the President of Ukraine in The Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The leader was appointed by presidential decree. From May 17, 2014 the President of Ukraine placed the office for the representation in the ARK in the city of Kherson in southern Ukraine.

Administrative division. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea consists of 25 regions, 14 districts and 11 regions. Inhabited places – 1020, including: cities – 72, villages – 948th

Largest cities – Simferopol, Kerch, Yevpatoria, Yalta and Feodosia.

In accordance with the administrative division of Ukraine, most of the Crimean peninsula is ARK, with the exception of the south-western part, which is subordinate to the Sevastopol city council, which is an administrative and territorial unit of national subordination, and the northern part of Arabat Spit, which is part of the Kherson region. Thus, the ARK area make a total of 26,081 km².

The capital is Simferopol (de jure), Kherson (de facto).

Geography. The peninsula is bordered to the south and west of the Black Sea and to the east of the Azov Sea. To the north it is connected to the mainland by the narrow, up to 8 km, Perekop Isthmus. The area of the Peninsula is about 26,860 square kilometers, of which 72% is flat land, 20% are mountains (the highest mountain is Roman-Kosh – 1,545 m), and 8% are lakes and other water areas.

Borders. The total length of the peninsula's land and sea borders are more than 2,500 kilometers.

Crimea's economy. Key sectors of the economy – industry, tourism (Western Crimea, the south coast and Kerch Peninsula), construction, health (sanatoriums, etc.), agriculture and trade.

The population of the republic, according to the State Statistics of Ukraine, was 1,966,556 people per. March 1, 2014.

Population density – 75.42 people / km².

Ethnic composition – Russians, Ukrainians, Crimean tatars, Armenians and many other nationalities.

The official languages – Ukrainian, Russian and Crimean Tatar.

Religion. Christianity and Islam.

Translation by Joergen Deleuran

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